Ch. 14 Stats Review

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=110 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="12bf0f21egerdp.jpg"> <div> <B><IMG SRC="12c203c0.jpg" border=0 width="32" height="60" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#66334C" FACE="Arial" ><B>SOCIOLOGY 212: RESEARCH METHODS</B></FONT><B>      |     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="SOCIOLOGY 212: RESEARCH METHODS"><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div> back to<B>  </B><A HREF="id5.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Articles / Overheads "><U><B>Articles / Overheads </B></U></A></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="12af2f02egerdp.jpg"> <div> <A HREF="id35.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Alienation"><U>Alienation</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id19.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Applied"><U>Applied</U></A></div> <div> <B>Ch. 14 Stats Review</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Airline"><U>Airline</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id33.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Big Picture"><U>Big Picture</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id38.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ch. 9 Outline"><U>Ch. 9 Outline</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id36.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Levels of Measurement"><U>Levels of Measurement</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id9.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="_"><U>--Type Title Here--</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id34.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Units of Analysis"><U>Units of Analysis</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=370 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="12df0f03.jpg"> <bR> <div> <B>Ch. 14 Stats Review and Data Cleaning</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Measures of Central Tendency</B>:  Mean (average),      Mean (middle value),     Mode (most frequent response)</div> <div>      Tells us where the middle of the data is located</div> <div>      </div> <div> <B>Measures of Dispersion</B>:  Range and Standard Deviation:  Tells us how spread out the data are</div> <bR> <div> <B>Levels of Measurement</B>                    <B>Appropriate Measures of Central Tendency</B></div> <div> Nominal                                                  Mode only</div> <div> Ordinal                                                    Mode and/or Median</div> <div> Interval/Ratio                                          Mode, Median, and/or Mean</div> <bR> <div> <B>SPSS will give you anything you ask for, but the appropriate measure depends on what level of measurement the question is.</B></div> <bR> <div> Mean:  Sum of all data pieces divided by the number of respondents or number of data pieces</div> <div> Median:  1) reorder the data from lowest to highest,  2) find the median position  <U>n+1 </U>, find the median value</div> <div> Mode:  look for the number that shows up most frequently                                         2</div> <div> Range:  Highest Value - Lowest Value</div> <div> Standard Deviation (sd):  1) fill out the table, then put the appropriate numbers into the equation</div> <bR> <div> Data Base:  3  5  7  6  2   9  3</div> <bR> <div> Mean:  3+5+7+6+2+9+3 / 7  = 35/ = 5.00</div> <div> Mode:  3</div> <div> Median:  1)  2  3  3  5  6  7  9  </div> <div>         2)  7+1 / 2 = 8/2 = 4</div> <div>         3)  Go to the 4th position on the reordered data base, Median Value=5</div> <bR> <div> Range:  9-2 = 7</div> <div> SD:  n=7, mean=5.00</div> <div>           <IMG SRC="16a080b0.png" border=0 width="8" height="11" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><IMG SRC="16b260e0.png" border=0 width="38" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     </FONT><IMG SRC="16c2a100.png" border=0 width="42" height="16" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><IMG SRC="1701c880.png" border=0 width="284" height="136" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></FONT></div> <div> <B>  </B>        2     -3.00          9</div> <div>           3     -2.00          4</div> <div>           3     -2.00          4</div> <div>           5            0          0</div> <div>           6<B>     </B>  1.00          1</div> <div>           7       2.00          4 </div> <div>           9      <U> 4.00</U>         <U>16</U></div> <div>                      0            38</div> <div>                     </div> <bR> <div> <B>Possible-Code Cleaning</B>: If you had a response range from 1 to 5, but when you ran a frequency for that question you came up with a value of “7”, you would have an error in the data.  Any value that is out of the original range.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Contingency Cleaning</B>:  You are checking the number of people who responded to either 1) the 2<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >nd</FONT> part of a contingency question to how many had answered “yes” to the 1<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >st</FONT> part.  If 17 answered “yes”, then only 17 should have answered the 2<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >nd</FONT> part.  OR 2)  you check the number of people who answered one question based on how many answered another relevant question on the survey.  If you asked “have you ever been pregnant” you could do a cross check on “gender” with “have you ever been pregnant” - you should find the “0” appears for the “Male” group.</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>