Research Project Handout

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=110 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="12bf0f21egerdp.jpg"> <div> <B><IMG SRC="12c203c0.jpg" border=0 width="32" height="60" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#66334C" FACE="Arial" ><B>SOCIOLOGY 212: RESEARCH METHODS</B></FONT><B>      |     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="SOCIOLOGY 212: RESEARCH METHODS"><U><B>home</B></U></A></div> <div> back to<B>  </B><A HREF="id3.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Research Project"><U><B>Research Project</B></U></A></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=125 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="12af2f02egerdp.jpg"> <div> <A HREF="id31.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Grading Grid"><U>Grading Grid</U></A></div> <div> <B>Research Project Handout</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id10.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hypothesis Guidelines"><U>Hypothesis Guidelines</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id22.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Reference/Citation Guidelines"><U>Reference/Citation Guidelines</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id26.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Literature Review (more examples)"><U>Literature Review (more examples)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id27.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Methods (more examples)"><U>Methods (more examples)</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id28.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Results (more examples)"><U>Results (more examples)</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=370 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="12df0f03.jpg"> <div> <B>Research Project Handout</B></div> <div> <B>Content & Structure</B></div> <div> <B>Soc. 212:  Spring</B></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="#content" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Contents</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#outline_structure" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Outline of Report Structure</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#detailed_structure" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">General Information</B></U></A><A HREF="#detailed_structure" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B> - Detailed Info. on Report Structure</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#title_page" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Title Page</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#abstract" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Abstract</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#introduction" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Introduction</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#lit_review" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Literature Review</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#methods" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Methods</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#results" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Results</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#discussion" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Discussion</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#conclusion" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Conclusion</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#references" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">References / Work Cited</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#appendix" TITLE="Research Project Handout"><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f04c336600.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Appendix</B></U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Spring 2009</B><B> <A NAME="content"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>Keep this Available Throughout Semester</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> The goal of this project is to take a specific social and/or criminal issue and develop it throughout the semester with the ultimate goal of creating a Research Paper.  </div> <bR> <div> At specific dates - see calendar, you will be <B>required</B> to turn in various sections of your research report.  <U>These will be considered drafts and will not be graded.  However, if these sections are not submitted, it will count against your final report grade</U>.  I will take the drafts and make suggestions and/or recommendations as needed.  </div> <bR> <div> Work individually <B>OR</B> in a two-person group on this project throughout the semester.</div> <div> <B>February 02, 2009 -  Turn in:</B></div> <div> a.  Topic</div> <div> b.  Whether working alone or in a group (if group, list group members)</div> <bR> <div> The Research Report should be a <B>minimum</B> <B>of 10 pages</B> including tables/charts <B>BUT NOT including</B> a copy of the survey and codebook.   You will not be penalized if you go over 12 pages.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Make sure full report is finalized using appropriate format, spacing, grammar/punctuation, etc.  Poor </B></div> <div> <B>     grammar/punctuation will lower your grade.  A few things to remember:</B></div> <div> <B>When a number is the 1</B><B>st</B><B> “word” in a sentence, it needs to be spelled out.</B></div> <div> <B>All sections of the paper are to be double-spaced - included Results Summaries</B></div> <div> <B>Font for basic text should be no larger than 12</B></div> <div> <B>Stay away from using the 1</B><B>st</B><B> person “I”</B></div> <div> <B>Use proper citations within text as well as in Work Cited / Reference Section</B></div> <div> <B>Remember that you ALWAYS need to cite the original author</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>4)       You will need a minimum of 1 testable Hypothesis or a Research Question.</B></div> <div> <B>          Due:  February 16</B><B>th</B><B> </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>5)     Every Individual/Group will create his/her/their own Survey and Codebook (created in spss).  The </B></div> <div> <B>     survey will contain a minimum of 10 questions plus 3-4 demographic questions (gender, age, marital      status, etc.).  This Survey and Codebook needs to be attached in the Appendix of your Report.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>You will need to distribute your Survey to a minimum of 20 people, </B><U>only after receiving final approval from me</U><B>, and then enter your data using SPSS.  You will then use SPSS to analyze the statistical information from your survey for the final report.  </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Grading - see website, </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal"><U><U>www.uccs.edu/~smarshal</U></U></A></FONT><B>, for project grade breakdown.</B></div> <div> <B>Highest grade for a report turned in that ONLY meets Minimum Requirements will be a 92%.</B></div> <div> <B>Projects that exceed minimum requirements in 1 or more sections will be eligible for higher grades.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>**NOTE for Groups: If you have trouble with someone in your group, please see me immediately and we will try to work things out.  If the problem persists, the individual will be asked to leave the group and </B><U>will be required to turn in an individual project</U><B>.  A group may split-up or assign different sections of the project to various individuals within the group.  However, the final project must come together to form one report that is consistent in terms of grammar and spelling, font size and type, etc.</B></div> <div> <B>Outline of Report Structure</B></div> <div> <B>Examples of EACH Section including PROPER Citations: </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal"><U><B><U>www.uccs.edu/~smarshal</U></B></U></A></FONT><B> </B></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Outline of Report Structure</B><B> <A NAME="outline_structure"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <bR> <div> <B>I     TITLE PAGE</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>II     ABSTRACT</B> - Brief summarization of the study / findings <B>** This is not necessary for this project</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>III     INTRODUCTION</B> - No Heading on final Project for this Section, minimum 1 page</div> <bR> <div> <B>IV     LITERATURE REVIEW</B> - Minimum of 3 sources, minimum 2 pages <B>(Due March 9</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>th</B></FONT><B>)</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>V     METHODS</B>  - Minimum of 2 ½ pages</div> <bR> <div> Concepts and Variables:  Conceptualize (how you are defining your concepts for this project) and Operationalize (how you are measuring for this project) your variables/concepts. </div> <bR> <div> <B>Hypothesis or Research Purpose</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Methodology </B></div> <div> <B>Respondents</B></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#996666" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Demographics Tabl</B></I></FONT><I><B>e</B></I><I>  </I></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Questionnaire</B></I><B> </B>(or method utilized)</div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Statistical Procedures</B></I> </div> <bR> <div> <B>VI     RESULTS</B> - Minimum 3 pages</div> <bR> <div> <B>Statistical Analysis (For this Report):</B> </div> <bR> <div> <B>Run Frequencies on All variables - </B>Clean Data then print Frequencies</div> <div> <B>Univariate Analysis - </B>(use valid percents from Frequencies in reporting) </div> <div> <B>Bivariate  Analysis </B>(minimum of 2 - use standard formatting)</div> <div> <B>Do NOT cut / paste from SPSS output into your doc EXCEPT for the Codebook</B></div> <div> <B>Create a minimum of 2 Charts or Tables - </B>place within Text</div> <bR> <div> <B>VII     DISCUSSION - </B>Minimum 1 page</div> <bR> <div> <B>VIII     CONCLUSION</B> - Minimum ½ page</div> <bR> <div> <B>IX     REFERENCES / WORK CITED </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>X     APPENDIX</B> - Codebook and Survey</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>The Content</B></div> <div> Do not be concerned if content seems repetitive.  If structured correctly, a report will be repetitive.  The abstract summarizes the content, the report repeats the same matePersonNameriel in more detail.  The results are discussed in both the Results and the Discussion sections.  In addition, your projects focus on only one or two basic research questions, so there is little to cover up the repetitive nature of the report's content.  The trick is to present the same material in an interesting vaPersonNameriety of wordings.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>Detailed</B> <B>Structure of the Written Report</B><B> <A NAME="detailed_structure"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <bR> <div> Describe a social problem that concerns you and write a research report using the guidelines described below.</div> <bR> <div> The structure of research reports varies, depending upon the research itself and the audience for which a report is intended.  Certain basic information needs to be included though, and the order of presentation generally should follow standard form.  It is much easier to extract information from a report that is organized according to a familiar pattern.</div> <bR> <div> Scientific writing works best when it is <B>precise</B>, <B>concise</B> and <B>impersonal</B> (<U>written in the 3</U><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><U>rd</U></FONT><U> person</U>).  State information clearly and maximize the amount of information delivered with each word.  Some degree of dryness is almost mandatory, but effort should be made to ease your reader's experience.  Journal articles tend to follow a “traditional” format similar to the one outlined for this project.  As experienced researchers must often do, you probably will have to make some adjustments appropriate to the specifics of your own individual study.  However, the overall structure of your report should be built around the following outline of necessary sections.</div> <bR> <div> Typically, a social science report consists of 9 or 10 basic sections.  <B>Each section, except for Title Page and Introduction, should be preceded by a capitalized heading</B>.  Also, all sections should begin on their own separate page with the section title centered at the top.  Elements of each section should be described in standard prose style and integrated into a standard paragraphed structure.  For more specific guidance and illustration, review the Appendix in Babbie or a sociology journal (or some type of social science journal). </div> <bR> <div> This handout is intended to give you guidelines / examples of items that would typically be found in each of the sections.  Examples of varies items (i.e. format for literature reviews, hypotheses/research questions, citations, etc.) may also be found on the website {www.uccs.edu/~smarshal}.  </div> <bR> <div> <B>NOTE:</B>  As you read through each section, you may notice the notation: </div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">(For this Report</B>)</div> <bR> <div> <B>This indicates that “something” needs to be added for your Research Project.  It may not be a standard item in most reports, but its purpose will be to integrate material from the text into your report in various places.</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> Additional Websites that contain data and research on various topics - Good sources for Literature Reviews</div> <div>      1. U.S. Bureau of the Census - <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://ftp.census.gov" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://ftp.census.gov"><U><U>http://ftp.census.gov</U></U></A></FONT>   Contains tables and graphs detailing census data.</div> <div>      2. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics - <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://stats.bls.gov" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://stats.bls.gov"><U><U>http://stats.bls.gov</U></U></A></FONT>   Contains statistical reports, </div> <div>           bibliographies, and descriptions of surveys.</div> <div>      3. Gallup Poll  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.gallup.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.gallup.com"><U><U>http://www.gallup.com</U></U></A></FONT>  Contains poll results and current events information</div> <div>      4. National Coalition for the Homeless - <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://nch.ari.net" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://nch.ari.net"><U><U>http://nch.ari.net</U></U></A></FONT>  Contains facts, figures, and legislation about the </div> <div>           homeless.</div> <div>      5. placeCityWadsworth Companion Site - <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://sociology.wadsworth.com/babbie/basics3e/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://sociology.wadsworth.com/babbie/ba"><U><U>http://sociology.wadsworth.com/babbie/basics3e/</U></U></A></FONT>  Click on 2000 Census </div> <div>           and then click      on “Internet References”.  Scan through these - the AmeriStat has some interesting </div> <div>           research on various topics.</div> <div>       6. NORC  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/projects/gensoc.asp" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/projects/ge"><U><U>www.norc.uchicago.edu/projects/gensoc.asp</U></U></A></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#666666" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B>REPORT FORMAT</B></div> <div> (Also see Chapter 15, p. 442)</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>I     TITLE PAGE</B><B> <A NAME="title_page"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> Title of research report</div> <div> Name of author/researcher</div> <div> Institutional affiliation of author/researcher</div> <bR> <div> <B>II     ABSTRACT</B> - Brief summarization of the study and its findings (100 words or less)   <A NAME="abstract"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div>             <B>** This is not necessary for this project</B></div> <div> Statement of problem or hypothesis          </div> <div> Key variables studied                               [<U>Summary</U> section occasionally is </div> <div> Sample(s) studied                                    used in place of <U>Abstract</U>.  Does the</div> <div> General research method utilized                          same thing but usually is placed after</div> <div> Basic results and conclusions                          the <U>Conclusion</U> section.]</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>III     INTRODUCTION</B> <U>(</U><B>No Heading on final Project for this Section)</B><B> <A NAME="introduction"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>-  </B>Sets the stage for report by </div> <div>      presenting the research problem, indicating its background, and describing its importance. </div> <div> Purpose of study</div> <div> General nature of problem that was examined.</div> <div> Rationale - brief theoretical background or paradigm derived from literature review</div> <div> General introduction to topic </div> <div> Several specific findings pertinent to your study</div> <div> Thesis statement / Research purpose or question</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>IV     LITERATURE REVIEW</B>  <A NAME="lit_review"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A>- Provides known information about your topic area.  Places your research </div> <div> into theoretical context so that we can see how it fits in with other studies and why it was needed.</div> <bR> <div> Brief introduction of the key points of your research - Name and describe your Broad problem area.</div> <div>       b.   Find major studies that have significant findings on each or all of the key points.</div> <div>       (<B><U>For this Report</U></B><B>:</B> you need a minimum of <B>three sources </B>- you may use as many as you wish).  </div> <div>       <U>Make sure they are full articles or detailed abstracts</U>.  Also, it is nice to find at least one study that </div> <div>       supports your hypothesis and at least one study that rejects/refutes your hypothesis <U>if possible</U>.</div> <div> c.   Needs to be comprehensive but concise.</div> <div> Use <U>proper citations</U> within text - see website examples, journals, text, etc. <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal"><U><U>www.uccs.edu/~smarshal</U></U></A></FONT> </div> <div> e.   Group “like” findings together into a one or two paragraph summary per key point. (you may use </div> <div> subheadings for each of the key points).  Don't discuss as “this article says this” - discuss by topic. </div> <div> Start with “general idea/point/concept” then you can use specifics as back-up arguments/examples.</div> <bR> <div> <B>One Example of Synthesis:</B></div> <div>      <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Research has demonstrated that conformity to peers is typically stronger during adolescence than during childhood (Berndt, 1979; Coleman, 1961; Steinberg & Silverberg, 1986).  Coleman argued that conformity to peers is stronger than conformity to parents during adolescence, but that claim has been qualified (Berndt, 1979; Epstein, 1983) and disputed (Berndt and Park, 1989:277) by others.  For example, Epstein (1983) found that ….. </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>V     METHODS</B>  <A NAME="methods_1"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A>- Generally consists of several subunits -If those subunits are complex enough to be </div> <div> described in separate paragraphs, you should head each section with its appropriate name.</div> <div> <I>Often there is a brief introduction reintroducing your general research question(s)/purpose.</I></div> <bR> <div> Theoretical Model:  Present your theoretical model (not necessary, but can do if desired)</div> <bR> <div> One Example:</div> <div> Educational Aspirations                 Delinquency</div> <bR> <div> Concepts and Variables:  <U>Conceptualize</U> (how you are defining your concepts for this project) and <U>Operationalize</U> (how you are measuring for this project) your variables/concepts. Discuss how your relevant variables were coded.  If you are combining several variables into one larger index, you need to state components and coding. You need to identify your independent and dependent variables.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Hypothesis or Research Purpose:  </B>Provide specific Hypothesis(es) or Research Question/Purpose.</div> <div> <U>Use stocktickerALL Basic Guidelines for Hypothesis discussed in Class</U>:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">See <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal"><U><U>www.uccs.edu/~smarshal</U></U></A></FONT> for Examples</div> <bR> <div> Methodology </div> <div> Respondents</div> <div> 1.  Population/Sampling frame description</div> <div> 2.  How many subgroups were selected (if applicable)</div> <div> 3.  Description of sample (race, sex, age, etc.)  (<B><U>For this Report </U></B><B>-  “Demographics Table”)</B></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#996666" FACE="Arial" ><I><B>Demographics Table:</B></I><I>  </I></FONT><I>See </I><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal"><U><I><U>www.uccs.edu/~smarshal</U></I></U></A></FONT><I> under Excel Graphs / Charts tutorial for example - can also be done in Word).  Give it a Table/Chart Number.  </I><I><B>Use at least 3 demographic variables to include in this table.  DO NOT make this table a bivariate analysis - bivariate tables should be placed in the “results” section.</B></I></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <I>Questionnaire</I> (or method utilized)</div> <div> Brief description of questionnaire, if a survey; <U>or</U> of setting and experimental apparatus, if an experiment; <U>or</U> of data source, if used existing records/content analysis.</div> <div> Sampling technique - (<B><U>For this Report </U></B><B>-  discuss what technique you actually used to collect your data as well as what technique you would have used if doing it for “real”)</B></div> <div> Size of sample</div> <div> How data was collected / questionnaire administered.</div> <div> Who conducted the research</div> <div> Actual questionnaire should be attached in Appendix</div> <bR> <div> <I>Statistical Procedures</I> - Includes enough detail to make replication possible.</div> <div> Chronological description of research procedure</div> <div> Mention of any occurrence or circumstance that might have affected the outcome</div> <div> 3.  (<B><U>For this Report</U></B>) Describe the statistical procedures used to obtain demographic information. </div> <div>  Describe statistical procedures you used to test your hypothesis(es) (i.e. frequencies, crosstabs, etc.).</div> <bR> <div> <B>VI     RESULTS</B><B> <A NAME="results"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B> - Report of data analysis and its findings (<B>See Statistical Requirements Below</B>)</div> <div> Place all Tables and/or Charts <B>WITHIN</B> the context of your paper.  Provide bPersonNamerief summary either before or after each Table/Chart. Give each table, graph or chart a <B>numbered designation (e.g. Table 1)</B>, as well as the usual <B>required title</B>.</div> <bR> <div> <B>BPersonNamerief</B> written description of key results for each finding/table - located immediately above or below the table/graph being presented.  </div> <bR> <div>       3.  This is where you will place and summarize your bivariate tables (bivariate analysis) and frequencies </div> <div>      (univariate analysis).</div> <div> <B>(For this Report) Statistical Analysis:</B> For all frequencies, use the Valid % given by SPSS.  </div> <bR> <div> <I>1.  Run frequencies: </I></div> <bR> <div> <B>Run Frequencies on All variables - Clean Data</B></div> <div> <B>Univariate Analysis - </B>Choose min. of 5 variables to <B>summarize</B> <B>within the results</B> section.  </div> <bR> <div> <I>2.  Create a </I><I><B>minimum</B></I><I> of </I><I><B>two bivariate </B></I><I>percentage table(s) and interpret meaning.  Choose questions to serve as IV and DV that can be used to test your hypothesis. </I></div> <bR> <div> If you were not in class or don't remember how to do this - go to <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.uccs.edu/~smarshal"><U><U>www.uccs.edu/~smarshal</U></U></A></FONT> , go under Research project, find Results section.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Please do NOT cut/paste SPSS tables into a word document or print directly from SPSS to use in report.  </B>These tables are harder to read & interpret especially to “general” public.  Only report “valid percentage” column.  <B>Take the SPSS table information and create a “Person Friendly” </B>table in something like Word to use in your report.  </div> <bR> <div> You may also use stocktickerSPSS, Excel, or some variation to create Charts or Graphs.<B> SPSS charts /graphs can be pasted directly into report. </B>(Website:Excel Graphs/Charts Tutorial for examples)</div> <bR> <div> <I><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011866669900.png" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">For all frequencies, please use the Valid Percentages given by SPSS.  This eliminates missing data.  You would then use phrases such as “Of those who responded…”</I></div> <bR> <div> <B>VII     DISCUSSION </B><B> <A NAME="discussion_1"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B> </B></div> <div> Overall / General interpretation of your results as related <U>to your research topic </U>and <U>literature review</U>.  Include an explanation of whether or not the data supported or rejected your research hypothesis.</div> <div> Remember, <U>we don't Prove or Disprove, we Accept / Support or Reject</U></div> <bR> <div> Explanation of any flaws that could negate or limit the reliability or validity of your research results.</div> <bR> <div> <B>VIII     CONCLUSION</B>  <A NAME="conclusion_1"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> Conclusions drawn from analysis of study results.</div> <div> Practical implications of the results.</div> <div> Suggested changes if anyone were to attempt replication of your study.</div> <div> Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the study.</div> <div>       5.   (<B><U>For this Report</U></B>) Discussion of Relevant Ethical Issues.</div> <bR> <div> <B>IX     REFERENCES / WORK CITED (See Website for Examples)</B><B> <A NAME="references"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> Alphabetical listing by authors' surnames of all literary resources cited directly or indirectly in body of the report.  Follow <B>sociological format </B>shown in any sociological journal or article. </div> <div> State specific source, date, and pages of each referenced item.</div> <div> <U>If you are using a citation from one author found in an article from a different author,</U> <B>BOTH</B> citations must be provided.  Within the body of the paper, the <B>ORIGINAL</B> citation is used.</div> <bR> <div> <B>X     APPENDIX</B>  <A NAME="appendix_1"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A>- Any materials important to a general understanding of the study and its analysis, but too </div> <div> lengthy or complicated to be included in actual text of report.</div> <div> Actual questionnaire or test or exercise.</div> <div> Description, illustration, example of any research apparatus.</div> <div> 3.   Codebook for Survey - This can be produced using SPSS</div> <div> a.  If using SPSS, you may cut/paste your SPSS codebook into Word file, make modifications, then print.</div> <div> b.  You may create your own codebook in, for example, a Word file and then print.</div> <div> See website under SPSS Tutorial for examples of Codebook formatting</div> <div> Please do <B>NOT </B>print straight from SPSS, clean it up before you print</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>