ENSC/PES 160 Review Test 1 Fall 2009
still to be updated...
Monday, 21-Sep-2009 7:08 PM
multiple choice study guide
Colorado Springs, Colorado U.S.A. GPS address is?
Light detection is accomplished by detector cells located in the retina:
Time of Earth's Precession
Astronomical Unit
Prime Meridian
Albedo
Zenith
EquinoxGreenhouse Effect
The Earth's rotational axis (i.e. its tilt)
Ultra-Violet
Infra-Red
Altitude is the measure of the position of the sun from the horizontal
Btu/ft2/day are commonly used units for solar energy inputSolar Constant is the amount of insolation reaching the top of the earth’s atmosphere is about 1360 W/m^2.
The solar azimuth is the angle of the sun from true south.
Solar tracking systems orient photovoltaic module assemblies by keeping track of the Sun’s movement from dusk to dawn are divided into 2 main systems called passive and active trackers.
Sun’s surface temperature is approximately 5,800 K
One Btu is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by 1 º F
One calorie is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 º C
TINFL is the acronym for: "There Is No Free Lunch"
When light is incident on liquids or metal surfaces, electrons are released.
Einsteins theory for the photoelectric effect described light as being made of miniscule bundles of energy called photons
In the 1930s a new discipline in physics called Quantum Mechanics, led to the discovery of transistors in the 1950s and to the development of semiconductor electronics.
Reflectance is the factor that indicates how much of the light on a surface is reflected.Transmittance factor describes the amount of light that is transmitted as compared to incident light.
Lumens is the rate at which a light source emits light energy and is analogous to the rate at which water sprays out of a garden hose.
Candlepower is measured in candelas, and it describes the intensity of the beam in any direction.
Illuminance is equal to the number of lumens falling on each square foot of a surface, with its unit being footcandle.
Brightness is the perception of an object by a human observer.
An atom in an excited state usually decays (de-excites) rapidly to a lower state by the emission of a photon.
White light is the addition of various wavelengths of visible light.
A reflection of a beam of light on a polished mirror is also known as diffuse reflection.
The retina consists of cone cells that are sensitive to colour, and rod shape cells that respond to motion and dim lighting conditions.
The earth is divided into 24 longitudinal time zones
Electro-Magnetic radiation to which the human eye is sensitive to is called the visible Spectrum
Nuclear Fusion in the Sun
The visible region of the sun is called the photosphere:The corona stretches for millions of miles out into space, it is the outer layer of the sun’s atmosphere.
Kinetic energy is one of the basic types of energy associated with an object’s motion.
Energy associated with an object’s position is called potential energy.
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work:
Sources such as water, wind, solar, and biomass are examples of renewable forms of energy.
The predominant method of heat transfer to a cold drink held in an evacuated bottle (a thermos) is via radiation.
The primary method by which the water in a pot is heated is by convection.
The heat required to melt a solid is called fusion.
The heat required to change the phase of a solid to a gaseous form bypassing the liquid phase is sublimation.
The most significant aspect of world consumption of energy over the last 40 years has been the expanding use of oil.
Perihelion is when the Earth is at its closest to the Sun.
Aphelion is when the Earth is at its farthest from the Sun.
The power output from the sun is approximately 4.0 x 10^26 W.
I N S O L A T I O N is the acronym for Incident Solar Radiation
Forms of Energy:
Thermal (heat)
Chemical (fuels or batteries)
K. E. (motion)
Electrical
Gravitational Potential Energy
Position of the Sun:
Summer Solstice: highest
Equinoxes: middle
Winter Solstice: lowest
Proton to Proton Chain (steps)
The Sun:
PHOTOSPHERE
CHROMOSPHERE
CONVECTION ZONE
RADIATIVE ZONE
HYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIUM
PLASMA
FACULAE
Sun's Corona extends for several solar radii, density declines with altitude, but temperature rises.
All solar activity is related to solar magnetism that ultimately originates deep in the Sun.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation
a. Particles (photons)
b. Waves
Energy of a photon is related to the frequency of the wave: e = (h) * (f)
Frequency of a wave is related to its wavelength: f = c / wavelength
Luminosity: amount of energy an objects radiates each second.
Star's Luminosity measures how fast it consumes its fuel.
The relation between brightness of how an object appears (Luminosity) and its distance is called: (inverse square law)
Calculate a star radius from its luminosity with thermal radiation laws
Find Escape Velocity from a planet
Find the mass of the Sun
Find the Power in Watts of a Star like our Sun... (calculators love this problem.... its like opening up a can of Norwegian Sardines in oil for cats...)