Name: __________________________ Date: _____________


1.
Because she gets poor grades no matter how hard she studies, Milly has decided not to study at all. Milly's behavior most clearly demonstrates
A.
self-serving bias.
B.
unrealistic optimism.
C.
learned helplessness.
D.
a self-monitoring tendency.


2.
Bandura emphasizes that self-efficacy improves as a result of
A.
self-persuasion.
B.
the power of positive thinking.
C.
the compliments of others.
D.
the experience of success.


3.
Dogs who learn a sense of helplessness by being taught they cannot escape shocks
A.
tend to band together and as a group demonstrate collective efficacy.
B.
tend to become highly aggressive in other situations.
C.
more readily take the initiative to escape punishment when that becomes possible.
D.
later fail to take the initiative in another situation when they can escape punishment.


4.
According to the textbook, the healthiest attitude about oneself
A.
mixes positive thinking with the realism to discriminate what we can and cannot control.
B.
is characterized by high self-esteem, high self-efficacy, and an internal locus of control.
C.
is characterized by the highest self-esteem possible.
D.
mixes external locus of control with a dose of learned helplessness.


5.
Believing that you control your own destiny is part of an ________ locus of control.


6.
People with strong feelings of self-efficacy are likely to be more
A.
persistent.
B.
prone to stress.
C.
socially sensitive.
D.
anxious.


7.
Your ________ is how competent you feel to do something.


8.
Barry Schwartz (2000) argues that individualistic cultures marked by __________ tend to cause decreased life satisfaction and increased clinical depression.
A.
high self-efficacy
B.
low learned helplessness
C.
primarily external locus of control
D.
“an excess of freedom”


9.
Bandura argues that the chief source of self-efficacy is the experience of ________.


10.
The extent to which people perceive their lives as internally controllable by their own efforts and actions or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces constitutes their
A.
interdependent-independent self.
B.
intrinsic-extrinsic motivation.
C.
controllability quotient.
D.
locus of control.


11.
A person's overall sense of self-worth constitutes his or her
A.
self-efficacy.
B.
self-awareness.
C.
possible self.
D.
self-esteem.


12.
“Sometimes I feel that I don't have enough control over the direction my life is taking.” This statement reflects
A.
an external locus of control.
B.
an internal locus of control.
C.
an interdependent self.
D.
high self-efficacy.


13.
Martin Seligman notes a basic similarity between learned helplessness in dogs and _____________ in people.
A.
conformity
B.
collective efficacy
C.
schizophrenia
D.
depression


14.
Langer and Rodin found that nursing home residents improved in alertness, activity, and happiness if they were
A.
cared for by professionals who met all their needs.
B.
cared for by affectionate, sympathetic volunteers.
C.
periodically transported to visit close friends and relatives.
D.
asked to make personal choices and given opportunities to influence nursing home policies.


15.
After choosing between 30 kinds of jams, people express _________________than after choosing among six jams.
A.
higher self-efficacy
B.
greater self-esteem
C.
greater satisfaction with their choices
D.
less satisfaction with their choices


16.
Believing that chance determines your fate is part of an ________ locus of control.


17.
Sally believes that she will be highly successful in medical school if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates
A.
integrative ability.
B.
an internal locus of control.
C.
an interdependent self.
D.
the self-reference effect.


18.
Positive thinking (“I think I can, I think I can”) is the best way to improve one's self-efficacy.


19.
Heatherton and Vohs (2000) threatened some undergraduate men, but not others, with a failure experience on an aptitude test. In response to the threat,
A.
high self-esteem men became more antagonistic.
B.
low self-esteem men became more antagonistic.
C.
high self-esteem men became more depressed.
D.
low self-esteem men became more depressed.


20.
Individuals with an internal locus of control are more likely than those with an external locus of control to do well in school.


Answer Key

1. C
2. D
3. D
4. A
5.
INTERNAL
6. A
7.
SELF-EFFICACY
8. D
9.
SUCCESS
10. D
11. D
12. A
13. D
14. D
15. D
16.
EXTERNAL
17. B
18. False
19. A
20. True