Name: __________________________ Date: _____________


1.
In a study by Ingham, blindfolded participants were placed in the first position in a tug-of-war apparatus. Participants pulled hardest when they
A.
were part of a five-person team.
B.
were part of a three-person team.
C.
were part of a two-person team.
D.
knew they were pulling alone.


2.
When people cooperate on additive tasks, pooling their efforts toward a common goal,
A.
they may be less motivated to perform well.
B.
their efforts are usually boosted by a social bonding.
C.
the presence of others stimulates them to work harder.
D.
individual effort is facilitated by social arousal.


3.
Social loafing would be most likely to occur in
A.
college students working on a group project for which they will all receive the same grade.
B.
factory workers who are each paid according to how many lamps they assemble.
C.
a group of golfers competing for first place in a tournament.
D.
political candidates who hope to win a seat on the city council.


4.
Professor Mikato asks his students to work cooperatively in small groups on major course papers. Each member of the group is to receive the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This assignment is most likely to lead to
A.
social facilitation
B.
communitarianism.
C.
social loafing.
D.
the fundamental attribution error.


5.
Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to
A.
perform an unfamiliar task more poorly when others are present.
B.
violate social norms when no one is watching.
C.
be insensitive to the needs of others.
D.
exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal.


6.
In a study by Latane and his colleagues, participants were asked to shout and clap as loud as possible. Participants produced the most noise when they
A.
thought they were shouting alone.
B.
thought there was one other person shouting with them.
C.
thought there were five other people shouting with them.
D.
were not feeling any evaluation apprehension.


7.
People who benefit from the group but give little in return are referred to as
A.
weasels.
B.
free-loafers.
C.
free-riders.
D.
deindividuated collectives.


8.
Social loafing occurs in situations in which people
A.
pool their efforts toward a common goal.
B.
are not accountable as individuals.
C.
feel little evaluation apprehension.
D.
All of the above.


9.
Making group members' performance individually identifiable seems to be one effective strategy for reducing
A.
social facilitation.
B.
social loafing.
C.
minority influence.
D.
group polarization.


10.
Which of the following is TRUE about social loafing?
A.
When people know they are being individually monitored, they are tempted to free-ride.
B.
The group situation decreases evaluation apprehension.
C.
Individual members feel responsible for group performance and outcomes.
D.
None of the above.


11.
When being observed ______ concerns about being evaluated, ______ occurs.
A.
increases; social loafing.
B.
decreases; social facilitation
C.
enhances; groupthink
D.
None of the above.


12.
Social loafing would be least likely to occur in
A.
production workers paid on the basis of individual performance.
B.
Boy Scouts who must gather wood for a campfire.
C.
a work crew building a new highway.
D.
Girl Scouts who hold a car wash to raise money.


13.
Evidence of social loafing has been found in which of the following?
A.
production workers paid on the basis of individual performance
B.
collective farms run in communist Russia and China
C.
eight-person Olympic crew teams
D.
All of the above.


14.
Social loafing would be LEAST likely to occur
A.
in a boys' club trying to raise money by holding a Saturday car wash.
B.
in a relay race in which each team member's performance is timed.
C.
in a community garden where each family is expected to contribute whatever free time it has.
D.
in a work crew building a new highway.


15.
People in groups will loaf less when
A.
the task is challenging.
B.
the task is involving.
C.
group members are friends.
D.
All of the above.


16.
People in groups loaf less when
A.
all group members have comparable levels of self-esteem.
B.
the group is made up of a small number of friends.
C.
they work on a simple task with strangers.
D.
the task is aversive.


17.
Research suggests that social loafing does NOT occur in
A.
Israel's kibbutz farms.
B.
pickle factories.
C.
Russia's collective farms.
D.
Japan.


18.
When groups are given challenging objectives, when they are rewarded for group success, and when there is a spirit of commitment to the team, group members
A.
free-ride.
B.
work hard and make their best effort.
C.
experience social facilitation.
D.
become deindividuated.


19.
In their clapping experiments, Latane and his colleagues found that others clap and shout louder alone versus clapping along with a group.


20.
Free-riders are those who contribute as much as possible to group success, and then ride on the wave of that success.


21.
When people are not accountable, responsibility is diffused across all group members.


22.
Social loafing occurs when being lost in a crowd increases evaluation apprehension.


23.
People in groups loaf less when the task is involving.


Answer Key

1. D
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. B
17. A
18. B
19. True
20. False
21. True
22. False
23. True