Name: __________________________ Date: _____________


1.
People who are motivated and able to think through an issue are best persuaded by
A.
central route processing.
B.
peripheral route processing.
C.
heuristic route processing.
D.
the elaboration likelihood model.


2.
Persuasion that occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness, is referred to as ____________ route persuasion.
A.
central
B.
peripheral
C.
subconscious
D.
emotional


3.
Which of the following is a characteristic of central route persuasion?
A.
It uses systematic arguments.
B.
It relies heavily on the communicator's attractiveness.
C.
lt employs rule-of-thumb heuristics to persuade.
D.
Its effectiveness depends on a two-step flow of communication.


4.
An automobile manufacturer who produces advertisements associating his cars with a young, attractive family enjoying picnics is most clearly using
A.
central route persuasion.
B.
peripheral route persuasion.
C.
two-step flow of communication.
D.
social implosion.


5.
A computer manufacturer who produces advertisements comparing his product with other competing models on features and prices is most clearly using
A.
central route persuasion.
B.
peripheral route persuasion.
C.
attitude inoculation.
D.
sleeper effect.


6.
Two primary components of credibility are
A.
confidence and attractiveness.
B.
confidence and trustworthiness.
C.
expertise and trustworthiness.
D.
expertise and similarity.


7.
Over time the impact of a message from a noncredible source may _______ , a phenomenon known as the _______.
A.
decrease; sleeper effect.
B.
increase; sleeper effect.
C.
decrease; status effect.
D.
increase; status effect.


8.
Physical appeal and similarity are two important factors that determine a communicator's
A.
credibility.
B.
status.
C.
attractiveness.
D.
trustworthiness.


9.
According to the text, Americans voters are uninvolved, and their voting preferences are most predictable from their
A.
emotional reactions to the candidates.
B.
beliefs about the candidates' likely behavior.
C.
beliefs about the candidates' traits.
D.
knowledge about the election issues.


10.
Janis and his colleagues found that if Yale students were allowed to consume peanuts and Pepsi while reading persuasive messages, they
A.
felt manipulated and resisted influence.
B.
were more convinced by the messages.
C.
were distracted and showed poorer comprehension of the messages.
D.
viewed the communicator as more attractive but less credible.


11.
Compared to happy people, unhappy people ruminate more before reacting to a persuasive message and thus are
A.
more vulnerable to emotional appeals.
B.
less easily swayed by weak arguments.
C.
less involved in judging persuasive messages.
D.
more vulnerable to one-sided messages.


12.
If you can't make a strong case to persuade, it would be a good idea to try to
A.
forewarn your audience about the position you'll be arguing.
B.
acknowledge to your audience that your arguments are weak.
C.
put your audience in a good mood.
D.
put your audience in an unhappy mood.


13.
Among women receiving a message trying to persuade them to get a mammogram, the greatest number of women got mammograms within 12 months if they
A.
got a fear-framed message.
B.
got a positively framed message.
C.
got Pepsi and chips before viewing the message.
D.
were put in an unhappy mood before viewing the message.


14.
Fear-arousing messages are more effective if they
A.
also tell people how to avoid the danger.
B.
raise a moderate but not high level of fear.
C.
are presented by similar rather than dissimilar communicators.
D.
follow the peripheral rather than the central route of persuasion.


15.
The idea that attitudes change as people grow older is known as the _____ explanation of age differences in attitudes.
A.
life cycle
B.
generational
C.
belief differentiation
D.
psychosocial crisis


16.
In the study of age differences in attitudes, there is very little evidence for
A.
maturation effects.
B.
life cycle effects.
C.
generational effects.
D.
conservatism effects.


17.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding age differences in attitudes?
A.
People's racial attitudes tend to be most liberal in their 30s and 40s.
B.
People in their 50s and 60s tend to have more conservative sexual attitudes than they had in their 30s and 40s.
C.
Attitudes formed in the teens and 20s tend to be stable thereafter.
D.
All of the above are true.


18.
Schuman and Scott found that when they asked people to name the most important national or world events of the last half century, most recalled
A.
tragedies like war and assassinations.
B.
achievements like peace accords and moon landings.
C.
recent rather than long-ago news events.
D.
events from their teens and early adulthood.


19.
In the central versus peripheral route theory of persuasion, what matters most is
A.
what we think in response to a message.
B.
how much knowledge we have about an issue.
C.
how we feel about the communicator.
D.
how many times the message is repeated.


20.
Freedman and Sears found that California high schoolers did not change their attitudes in response to a talk entitled “Why Teenagers Should Not Be Allowed to Drive” if they
A.
had a moderate, rather than a high or low, level of self-esteem.
B.
were of lower intelligence.
C.
were male.
D.
had been forewarned that the talk was coming.


21.
Keela wants to persuade her parents to help pay for a study trip abroad this summer. She will have a more difficult time succeeding if
A.
her parents are forewarned of her intent to convince them.
B.
she has the trip coordinator call to reassure them.
C.
her parents are not particularly intelligent or analytical.
D.
her parents have a moderate level of self-esteem.


22.
Jennifer, a single mom, needs to ask her parents for money. To minimize their objections to her request, she should
A.
warn them ahead of time of her need.
B.
have her busy, distracting little toddler along when she makes her request.
C.
write out her request for them to consider.
D.
make her request over the phone.


23.
Political ads that use words to promote the candidate while visual images keep the viewer occupied to prevent analysis of the words are most clearly employing
A.
the technique of classical conditioning.
B.
the two-step flow of communication.
C.
the sleeper effect.
D.
distraction to inhibit counterarguing.


24.
Those who enjoy thinking carefully are
A.
high in need for cognition.
B.
low in need for cognition.
C.
peripheral route processors.
D.
least likely to be persuaded by the central route.


25.
The use of ________ can stimulate people's thinking and make a strong argument more persuasive.
A.
rhetorical questions
B.
multiple speakers
C.
repetition
D.
All of the above.


26.
Which of the following techniques has been used to stimulate people's thinking in response to a persuasive message?
A.
having different speakers present separate arguments rather than the same speaker present all of the arguments
B.
using rhetorical questions such as, “Are you better off for having voted for so-and-so four years ago?”
C.
making people in the audience feel responsible for passing along the persuasive message
D.
All of the above.


27.
Asking rhetorical questions, repeating the message, and using multiple speakers to deliver a message all stimulate the audience's thinking and make _____ messages _____ persuasive.
A.
strong; more
B.
weak; less
C.
Both A and B.
D.
None of the above.


28.
Attitude change that has occurred as a result of thoughtful, central route persuasion is most likely
A.
to persist.
B.
go back to baseline after about a month.
C.
arouse positive emotions in the audience.
D.
arouse negative emotions in the audience.


29.
Most clients entering therapy are motivated to take the ______ route, thinking deeply about their problems under the therapist's guidance.
A.
indirect
B.
peripheral
C.
unconscious
D.
central


30.
Ernst and Heesacker taught two assertiveness training groups: one using the traditional approach of learning and rehearsing concepts, and the other using the central route to persuasion. At the end of the workshop, those who had used the central route
A.
had spent more time considering how their unassertiveness had hurt them in the past.
B.
had formed more favorable attitudes and intentions about being assertive.
C.
were noticeably less assertive in subsequent life.
D.
All of the above.


31.
When people are motivated and able to think systematically about an issue, the best route to persuasion is the peripheral route.


32.
The effects of source credibility often increase after a month or so.


33.
Whether it is more persuasive to present reasoned arguments or to use an emotional approach to persuade depends on the audience.


34.
The life cycle explanation for age differences in attitudes argues that attitudes change as people grow older.


35.
The crucial aspect of central route persuasion is not the message but the responses it evokes.


36.
What matters most in therapy are the therapist's insights, not the thoughts that get evoked in the client.


Answer Key

1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. C
18. D
19. A
20. D
21. A
22. B
23. D
24. A
25. D
26. D
27. C
28. A
29. D
30. B
31. False
32. False
33. True
34. True
35. True
36. False