CHAPTER 10

 

CHAPTER OUTLINE

 

I.  General Characteristics of Viruses *

     A.  What are viruses?

     B.  Components of viruses SARS

          1.  Nucleic acids

               a.  DNA

               b.  RNA

          2.  Capsids

               a.  Capsomeres

               b.  Arrangements

          3.  Envelopes

               a.  Glycoproteins

               b.  Advantages and disadvantages

          4.  Enzymes

     C.  Sizes and shapes

          1.  Helical capsids

          2.  Polyhedral capsids

          3.  Complex capsids

     D.  Host range and specificity of viruses

          1.  Host range-SARS Epidemiology

          2.  Viral specificity

     E.  Origins of viruses, SARS Will it be Back? some coronavirus (Veterinary), MORE, Questions and Answers

II.  Classification of Viruses (The Baltimore Method) ClassI dsDNA Viruses*, ClassII ssDNA Viruses, ClassIII dsRNA Viruses, ClassIVa(+)sense RNA Viruses*, ClassIVb, ClassV (-)sense RNA Viruses,* ClassVI RNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses*, ClassVII DNA Reverse Transcribing Viruses *

   

     A.  Basic methods

          1.  Host and organ affected

          2. International committee on taxonomy of viruses (ICTV)

          3.  Virus family and genus

          4.  Nucleic acid classification

               a.  Positive-sense nucleic acid

               b.  Negative-sense nucleic acid

     B.  RNA viruses

          1.  General properties of RNA viruses

          2.  Important groups of RNA viruses

               a.  Picornaviridae Class IVa

                     1.  Enteroviruses polio

                     2.  Hepatoviruses hepatitis A

                     3.  Rhinoviruses

               b.  Togaviridae Rubella

               c.  Flaviviridae Hepatitis C

               d.  Retroviridae HIV (Class VI)*

               e.  Paramyxoviridae measles, mumps

               f.  Rhabdoviridae Rabies

               g.  Orthomyxoviridae (Class V) influenza H5N1 more Pandemic Warning *

               h.  Filoviridae Ebola

               i.  Bunyaviridae Hanta virus

               j.  Arenaviridae

               k.  Reoviridae (Class VI)

     C.  DNA viruses

          1.  General properties of DNA viruses

          2.  Important groups of DNA viruses

               a.  Adenoviridae

               b.  Herpesviridae, Epstein Barr (Class II)

               c.  Poxviridae vaccinia

               d.  Papovaviridae

               e.  Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B

               f.  Parvoviridae

Class Questions

III.  Viral Replication

     A.  General characteristics of replication

     B.  Replication of bacteriophages

          2.  Replication of T-even phage*

               1.  Adsorption

               2.  Penetration

               3.  Biosynthesis

               4.  Maturation

               5.  Release

          3.  Phage growth and the estimation of phage numbers

               a.  Growth curve *

                     1.  Eclipse period

                     2.  Latent period

                     3.  Viral yield

               b.  Plaque assay

                     1.  Bacterial lawn

                     2.  Viral plaques

                     3.  Plaque-forming units

     C.  Lysogeny

          1.  General properties of lysogeny*

               a.  Temperate phages

               b.  Lambda phage

                     1.  Prophage

                     2.  Lysogenic conversion

          2.  Lysogenic cycle

               a.  Medical significance

               b.  Induction

     D.  Replication of animal viruses

          1.  Adsorption *

          2.  Penetration

               a.  Endocytosis*

               b.  Uncoating

          3.  Biosynthesis

               a.  Biosynthesis in DNA animal viruses*

               b.  Biosynthesis in RNA animal viruses*

          4.  Maturation

          5.  Release

     E.  Latent viral infections

 

IV.  Culturing of Animal Viruses

     A.  Development of culturing methods

          1.  Early history

          2.  Subculturing

          3.  Tissue culture

     B.  Types of cell cultures

          1.  Primary cell cultures

          2.  Diploid fibroblast strains

          3.  Continuous cell lines

          4.  Embryonated chicken eggs

     C.  The cytopathic effect

 

V.  Viruses and Teratogenesis

     A.  Teratogens

     B.  Viruses as teratogens

     C.  TORCH series

 

VI.  Virus-like Agents: Viroids and Prions

     A.  Viroids

          1.  General characteristics

          2.  Diseases

          3.  Origins

     B.  Prions more

          1.  Diseases CWD-Chronic Wasting Disease

          2.  General characteristics How Prions Kill

          3.  Origins

  class question

VII. Viruses and Cancer *

     A.  General terms

     B.  Human cancer viruses

     C.  How cancer viruses cause cancer

          1.  DNA tumor viruses Epstein Barr Hepatitis B*

          2.  RNA tumor viruses (*this is an excellent site, do not worry about the details of retroviral replication beyond reverse transcrition and integration) Class Questions

     D.*  Oncogenes and Viral Transforming Genes

Class Questions