CHAPTER 1 NOTE for exams, emphasis will be placed on the scientists with a "*" in front of their name.

 

CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE Objectives

This chapter shows the development of man's knowledge of Microbiology and the important role that microbiology has played in the acquisition of biological knowledge in general.I spend most of my time trying to understand more about the science of being alive. This course will be permeated with what I have learned.I hope it contributes to your health and happiness.

I.  Why Study Microbiology

     A.  Microbial relationships How big are they?

     B.  Beneficial aspects of microbes

     C.  Microbial relationships to life processes

     D.  Microbes in research

II.  Scope of Microbiology

     http://www.cellsalive.com/

     A.  The microbes

          1.  Bacteria Agar, Strep pyogenes (movie on Dr. Bob's computer), Strep pneumonia (movie on Dr. Bob's computer)

          2.  Algae

          3.  Fungi

          4.  Viruses

          5.  Protozoa movie

          6.  Others (worm movie-on Dr. Bob's computer)

     B.  The microbiologists

          1.  Fields of microbiology

          2.  Settings of microbiology

          3.  Current Areas of Research (HIV,smallpox,anthrax)

III.  Historical Roots

     A.  Biblical accounts

     B.  Greek and Roman contributions

     C.  Bubonic plague

     D.  Development of microscopy

          1. *Robert Hooke

          2. *Anton van Leeuwenhoek

IV.  The Germ Theory of Disease

     A.  Spontaneous generation theory

     B.  Early studies

          1.  Aristotle

          2. *Francesco Redi - disproved spontaneous generation-gause covered flask ,maggots (know what an experimental control is)

          3. *John Needham - proved spontaneous generation (open flask)

          4. *Lazzaro Spallanzani - proved that spontaneous generation could not occur without air (closed flask).

          5. *Louis Pasteur - finally, conclusively disproved spontaneous generation-curved flasks

          6. *John Tyndall-cleaning the air removed micro-organisms

     C.  Pasteur's further contributions

     D.   Koch's contributions

          1.  Pure culture techniques

          2. *Koch's Postulates

     E.  Work toward controlling infections

          1. *Ignaz Semmelweiz

          2. *Joseph Lister

 

V.  Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology

     A.  Immunology

          1.  Development of vaccinations

          2.  Edward Jenner and smallpox

          3.  Louis Pasteur and cholera

          4.  Elie Metchnikoff phagocytosis

     B.  Virology

          1.  Charles Chamberland and infectious filtrates

          2. *Martinus Beijerinck tobacco mosaic virus

          3.  Wendell Stanley

          4.  Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

          5.  James Watson and Francis Crick and DNA

     C.  Chemotherapy

          1.  Development of herbal medicines

          2.  Paul Ehrlich and the "magic bullet"- toxin and antitoxins

          3.  Alexander Fleming and penicillin

          4.  Gerhard Domagk and sulfa drugs

          5.  Selman Waksman and antibiotics

     D.  Genetics and Molecular Biology

          1.  Gregor Mendel and the principles of genetics

          2.  Frederick Griffith and transformation

          3.  Edward Tatum and George Beadle and genetic variations

 

VI.  Tomorrow's History

          1.  Early microbiologists

          2.  Nobel Prize winners

          3.  Human Genome Project