Evolutionism

Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics Fast Forward  free PDF
First published on July 12, 2006; DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.108381

0022-3565/06/3191-269-276$20.00
JPET 319:269-276, 2006

INFLAMMATION, IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY, AND ASTHMA

Cannabinoid Treatment Suppresses the T-Helper Cell-Polarizing Function of Mouse Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Legionella pneumophila Infection

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida

Marijuana cannabinoids, such as -9-tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC), suppress type 1 T-helper 1 (Th1) immunity in a variety of models, including infection with the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila (Lp). To examine the cellular mechanism of this effect, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were purified from BALB/c mice and studied following infection and drug treatment. DCs infected in vitro with Lp were able to protect mice when injected prior to a lethal Lp infection; however, the immunization potential of the Lp-loaded cells along with Th1 cytokine production was attenuated by THC treatment at the time of in vitro infection. In addition, THC-treated and Lp-loaded DCs were poorly stimulated in culture-primed splenic CD4⁺ T cells to produce interferon-; however, this stimulating deficiency was reversed by adding recombinant interleukin (IL)-12p40 protein to the cultures. Moreover, THC treatment inhibited the expression of DC maturation markers, such as major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40 as determined by flow cytometry and suppressed the Notch ligand, Del-ta4, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. However, THC treatment did not affect other DC functions, such as intracellular killing of Lp, determined by colony-forming unit counts of bacteria, and Lp-induced apoptosis, determined by annexin V staining. In conclusion, the data suggest that THC inhibits Th1 activation by targeting essential DC functions, such as IL-12p40 secretion, maturation, and expression of costimulatory and polarizing molecules.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Thomas W. Klein, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MDC 10 University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612. E-mail:tklein@hsc.usf.edu

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