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Department of History

UCCS Department of History
1420 Austin Bluffs pkwy
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
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History 453: Civil war and Reconstruction, Supplemental Questions

Check below through the semester for blog postings on items of interest arising from class discussion, queries I can't answer in class, further discussions on particular points, etc.

  • What's a good source where I can learn about the infamous prisoner of war camp at Andersonville?

    Click here for a good quick introduction to Andersonville, from the National Parks Service -- also note the bibliographic references at the bottom of the page, which provides you with further reading on the subject. Click HERE for another quick introduction to the subject, along with with other links to follow.
     

  • Given the reputation he developed during the war as a "butcher," how did Grant do as a presidential candidate in 1868 and 1872, especially in the South?

Click here for the 1868 presidential electoral map -- note the number of states in the South which Grant won! Use the same site to go to the 1872 electoral map!

  • Why didn't Sherman try to liberate Andersonville (the brutal prisoner of war camp for captured Union soldiers in southwest Georgia)?

    CLICK HERE for a good scholarly analysis of this question.
     

  • What, really, was the effective range of small arms (most especially, the Springfield rifle) for average soldiers in the Civil War? 50 yards? 100 yards? 300 yards?

    For the average infantrymen, 150-200 yards was a reasonable range for the standard rifle musket; for skilled marksman, 250-300 yards was possible, with some accuracy. Some Union cavalry men received Spencer repeating rifles, which were far more deadly; however, those weapons never became standard during the war for foot soldiers. Regardless, the range of the standard Civil War weapons, even for volunteer soldiers under fire, was sufficient to give a decided advantage to the defensive, all the more so when soldiers were in entrenchments or could fire from behind walls, embankments, or other protections.

    For the best, most up-to-date and well-informed scholarly analysis of not only this question but also a state-of-the-art survey of historical understandings of military strategy and tactics employed on Civil War battlefields, see Joseph Glatthaar, "Battlefield Tactics," in Writing the Civil War: The Quest to Understand (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1998), 60-80, as well as the relevant pages (use the index) in James McPherson's standard work Battle Cry of Freedom. Internet research on this topic has yielded a vast array of junk studies; thus, I would avoid relying on internet sources on this topic, and suggest instead relying on the abundant and well-documented scholarly studies such as the two mentioned above.
     

  • Why were black troops paid less (until mid-1864) than white troops?

    For the best source not only on this issue but on the service of more than 180,000 African-American soldiers in the Union Army, see Joseph Glatthaar, Forged in Battle. On the pay issue, he points out that discriminatory pay was written into the original Militia Act of 1862, by which blacks came into the army, and that the differential pay was an embarrassing fact which remained stubbornly persistent despite the efforts of Governor John Andrew of Massachusetts and others to get it changed. Action by black soldiers, most especially refusing to receive any pay at all until they were treated equally, eventually got the practice changed.
     

  • What did Lincoln mean by "new birth of freedom" in the Gettysburg Address?

    The classic analysis of the Gettysburg Address is Garry Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg. That is the best source for this question.