Soc 330, Test II, Spring 2001
Review & Study Guide
Questions
will be asked on the following topics (about 65 multiple-choice questions in
all)
1. What types of violence are widely accepted by athletes in contact sports?
And why are they accepted?
2. How is deviant over conformity related to violence in sports?
3. How are masculinity and commercialization related to violence in sports?
4. What does Nancy Theberge's research tell us about how women athletes
deal with brutal body contact?
5. Why are rates of violence higher in men's sports than in women's
sports?
6. How are gender and race connected with violence in sports/
7. Does the violence learned and used in sports carry over to nonsport
settings?
8. What factors are related to male violence against women?
9. Under what conditions might sport participation inspire the control of
aggression?
10. How have rates of athlete and spectator violence varied through History?
11. What factors are related to spectator violence and what strategies might
be used to effectively control it?
12. What factors have encouraged increased participation of girls and women
in sports?
13. What factors may impede future growth in sport participation by girls and
women?
14. Are participation opportunities for girls and women the same as they are
for boys and men? What are the differences?
15. What are the major findings of the 23-year research project done by
Acosta and Carpenter?
16. What are the gender equity strategies recommended by Donna Lopiano?
17. What is needed for full gender equity to be achieved?
18. How does sport participation empower women? How is that empowerment
expressed?
19. What are the characteristics of the two-category gender classification
system and dominant gender logic in terms of their implications for men and
women athletes?
20. What impact do women cheerleaders and women bodybuilders have on gender
ideology?
21. What are the differences between structural and ideological changes in
sports when it comes to gender?
22. What are the foundations and characteristics of the major racial
classification systems used in the US today?
23. What are the characteristics of the "race logic" used in the US
through much of the 20th century?
24. What problems are involved in the "Search for Jumping Genes in Black
Bodies" and in other forms of "race difference" research?
25. How does race logic influence choices made by people when it comes to
sport participation?
26. Why did Charlene Teeters object to the use of Native American images and
customs in sports?
27. Under what conditions might the use of Native American images in sports
be appropriate?
28. What have certain sports been desegregated so completely?
29. What are the most difficult race-related and intergroup challenges that
remain in sports today?
30. How is social stratification and social class related to sport
participation and spectatorship?
31. How do money and economic power influence the meaning and organization of
sports?
32. What is the dominant "class logic" highlighted in dominant sports
today?
33. Why would people with power and resources want to sponsor sports?
34. Who receives the most benefit when public money is used to fund pro sport
stadiums?
35. What are the arguments for and against using public money to fund pro
sports facilities?
36. How do athletes from different social class backgrounds define the
meaning of sports in their lives?
37. What did Wacquant discover about boxing in the lives of minority men from
low income neighborhoods?
38. What problems are associated with corporate sponsorship of varsity
sports?
39. Which coaches are most likely to be highly or poorly paid in college
sport programs?
40. What challenges do women face when they work in major sport programs and
organizations?
41. How is sport participation related to social mobility among African
Americans in the US?
42. Are athletic scholarships a major source of upward social mobility in the
US?
43. In what kinds of societies are commercial sports likely to prosper? Why?
44. Why has football become "America's game"?
45. Why have sports become increasingly global and why have corporations
sponsored global sports?
46. How and why are sports used to establish "ideological outposts" in
people's minds?
47. How do sports change as they become commercialized?
48. Is owning a professional sports team a good investment? When is it and
when isn't it?
49. How are professional sports subsidized by public money in the US?
50. What are the pros and cons of corporate sponsorship for amateur sports?
51. How is the legal status of athletes related to salaries?
Soc 330, Test I, Spring 2001
Review & Study
Guide
Questions will be asked on the following topics (about 65 multiple-choice questions in all)
1. Two questions from film, Sex and Sports
2. How do sociologists conceptualize & study sports? How is this
different from a psychological approach?
3. What is cultural ideology and how is it related to sports? What is gender
logic, race, logic, etc.?
4. How is the body social?
5. What is institutionalization, and how is related to the study of sports
as social phenomena?
6. What is sport, and what problems are associated with using a fixed
definition of sport when doing research?
7. What does it mean to say that sports are contested activities? What
exactly is contested?
8. Why do sociologists use so many different theoretical perspectives to
study sports in society?
9. What are the social actions and policy recommendations associated with
each of the 6 theoretical perspectives summarized in the text?
10. What
does it mean to say that sports are "gendered activities"?
11. What
theoretical perspective would you use if you wanted to study sports from the
perspectives of athletes, or if you wanted to make changes in sports, or if you
wanted to study sports in connection with globalization?
12. Why are more people around the globe playing similar games/sports?
13. In what ways have sports through history been connected with culture and
society, and power and resources?
14. How
are modern, high profile, competitive sports different from sports in previous
times?
15. How
has gender been related to sports and sport participation in the historical
times and places summarized in the text?
16. What
does the section on Native American sports tell us about recorded history?
17. Differences between internalization and interactionist models of
socialization
18. Main findings from interactionist research on becoming and staying
involved in sports
19. Findings
in burnout study, and other findings re: the process of ending or changing sport
participation
20. When
is sport participation most likely to have a positive impact on overall social
development?
21. Differences
between power and performance versus pleasure and participation sports.
22. Main
findings from the studies by Theberge, Adler and Adler, Woog, and Wacquant.
23. How
are Gramsci's ideas used to understand issues related to socialization and
sports?
24. What
happened to the media images of Michael Jordan and why did it happen?
25. What trends account for the high participation rates in organized youth
sports?
26. What happens to poor families when parents are expected to control their
children 24 hours a day?
27. Themes
in the film, Playing to Extremes (2 questions)
28. Differences
between organized and informal games
29. Why
do 10 year olds play "beehive soccer"?
30. What
changes are recommended for youth sports?
31. Problems faced when studying deviance in sports
32. Characteristics of deviance in sports
33. What
is the sport ethic and how is it related to deviance among athletes?
34. Why
do athletes often overconform to the norms of the sport ethic, and what are the
possible consequences of this overconformity for the athletes, for their
relationships with each other and with "non-athletes"?
35. What
is hubris, and how does it operate among some athletes?
36. Why
is it difficult to control deviant overconformity in sports?
37. Are
athletes more deviant on the field today than athletes in the past?
38. Are
the felony rates among athletes out of control?
39. When
might sport participation discourage deviant behavior?
40. Why
might athletes use performance enhancing substances, and what might be done to
effectively control the abuse of these substances?