Chemistry 331: Lecture Outlines for Exam 1

Chapter 1: Chemical Bonding (Review from General Chemistry)

1. Atoms, electrons and orbitals
2. Ionic bonds
3. Covalent bonds
4. Multiple bonds
5. Polar bonds
6. Formal Charge
7. Lewis structures
8. Constitutional isomers
9. Resonance
10. Molecular shapes and VSEPR theory
11. Molecular dipole moments
12. Acid-Base Theory
    1. Brønsted-Lowry definition
    2. Lewis definition
    3. Acid-base equilibria and K_a, pK_a values
    4. Prediction of acid strength and base strength

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Chapter 2: Alkanes

1. Classes of Organic Molecules
2. Alkanes
   1. General formula: C_nH_2n+2
   2. Isomers: normal and branched alkanes
   3. Structure-property relationships
3. IUPAC Nomenclature
   1. Parent chain: normal alkanes
   2. Substituents: alkyl groups
   3. IUPAC rules
4. Chemical Properties of Alkanes
   1. Combustion
   2. Oxidation and reduction in organic molecules
5. Molecular orbitals
6. Hybridized orbitals
7. Different views of bonding

Chapter 3: Conformational Analysis

1. Conformations of Alkanes
   1. Ethane: torsional strain
   2. Butane: steric repulsions
2. Conformations in Cycloalkanes
   1. Stabilities of cycloalkanes; sources of strain
   2. Conformations in cyclohexane
      1. chair and boat conformations
      2. axial and equatorial positions
      3. chair-chair interconversion
      4. drawing cyclohexane chairs
   3. Monosubstituted cyclohexanes
   4. Disubstituted and polycyclic cyclohexanes
3. Heterocyclic Rings
4. Polycyclic Rings: bicyclic compounds

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